Method for preparing cadavers for burial



Nov. 6, 1945. I c. P. MOODY 2,

METHOD FOR PREPARING CADAVERS FOR BURIAL :iled Dec. 11, 19:59 2Sheets-Sheet 1 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 6, 1945.

c MOODY METHOD FOR PREPARING CADAVERS FOR BURIAL Filed Dec.

Patented Nov. 6, 1945 .t a R-M ifi p lbres' 1 .ApplicationDeceinberll,1939;Se'rialNd. 308,681 rt ac i s. (cizilltzlfj .My invention relatestoa:method and"aDP ratus 'for injecting embalming fluid under5pressur'einto the arterial system of the deadhuman body and forwithdrawing bloodfrom the venous system. thereof by suction,'which pressureand suctionare characterized by pronounced surges of pressurefollowed "by intervalsof non-pressure and surges of suction followed by intervals ofnon-suction, and is a continuation in part of my application filedAugust'23, 1938, Ser. 'No. 226,389.

My invention 'is aniinprovment over the much discussed and publicizedconstant pressure methods andapparatus exemplified in the patents toDwyer, 1,806,845, Grontkowski, 2,118,704, and many other constantpressure devices which have appeared on themarket commercially dur- Qing the past severalyears, all of which employ pressure tanks and/orother meansof delivering embalming fluid to the body under constant pressure which must be manually controlled in some use a "single" pump.However, because .ofr'thefi small capacity' requiredin thepressure'pump,: I believe it best 'to separate and distribute the Tworkbetween'two pumps. so 'doing, I get' 'arbetter balanced; smaller: andmorecornpact apparatus: 7:

yetone that'iseasier to get at; build, or assembler In thear'rangement'shown in Fig. 3, two are necessary aswill be explained later on; Th'elscale 'bf the drawings? is iori'e-h'alf "which =--shoWs how "small" andcompact" the apparatus maybei;

yet; 'how' easily "one may" observe its functi'oriscand i makeadjustments thereto." Except "for: the ar--: 1 rangment' shown in' Fig.3; *theltwb pumps are to be consideredthe' equivalent'of a" singlepiimpfi 'Tlie 'apparatus'of myihvention inclu'desIa?mo tor;rductiong'ear, and pumps, which are 'mountef 1 ed on tlie'isteel 'plateibase' I r-Themotori 2-is con' nected to"any "suitable source of power:thru: the

manner by the operator to meet the changes in i resistance in the body.

The principal object of my invention isto'produce a better embalmedbody.

Another object is doing it.

Another object is to eliminate a very definite hazard to the embalmershealth.

Another object is to eliminate in large measure the necessity of cominginto bodily contact with residue from the cadaver and to eliminateoffensive and dangerous odors and gas resulting from the embalmingoperation.

Another object is to provide apparatus which will inject embalming fluidinto'thearterial sys tem of a'cadaver in accordance with the resistancein said system.

to save time and money in is mounted'oh th'e motor 2 "and has" one .sideformed "to"rec'eive" the plug 3 and the other; side provided withthe'r'motoi' switch 5. The motor -2 is direct connected thru the;fiexible'moupling?6 .ntothe reduction "gear Twhose gear-shaft '8;eX.-'-:

Another object is to provide apparatus Whose fluid delivery pressurevaries automatically with the resistance encountered in the body.

Stillanother object is to provide apparatus by which the venous systemmay be aspirated without vein collapse.

The method and apparatus by which the above "tends on both sides to 1receive, outside and adjacent its outboardtbearings 9 and; 0,: theecc'en1 tries T H and 1| 2'; irespectively. L j-"These eccentrics w I l and [2are shownoppositely mounted but'may beshifted around on theirFsh-aft tobe'parallel to' one another or to'have a'ny other desiredrelationfi toone anotherl' Each eccentric is*formedwith-* an annular peripheralgroove l3' for the reception and retention'of its strap and capl'land--15, respectivel'wwhich are secured t'o'gether'by'the stud i bolts 16. The eccentric r'od'l I I is hirigretllv connected by the pin' 18" tothe'crosshead l9formed on one end of the piston rodu20 l'con'nectedto"piston headinotshown) 'WhiChiiS" adapted tobe .recip'rocated in thecylinders 2 I of" the pump 22 1 and'23; These cylinders 21 have' rearheads-2d integral therewith and 'front heads 25 threadedly l securedthereto. Since thevforward stroke is not utilized when two pumps areusedjho packing glandsare required, in fact,back pressure isre-r;

and other objectives are effected is later described leased thru arvent. "(n fi h y provided in the r and the apparatus is shown in theaccompanying drawings.

front head 25;" The r absence of gland'packing" is; one of theadvantages accruing in theuse 0f1=tW0 1.'

pumps. Another advantage 1' is' that'there is Tno possibilityof"fluid*lealiage into the suction which 'might be possible withacne"pumpgarrangemerrt if the-piston thereof was nottig'hti Sincetthepistons are not shown, it isblieve'd suflicienttmj saythat anytig'htcoinmercial type may'be em-fi 5 ,ployed. I use zone "constructedwith .two 'oppo-U sitely disposed cup lleathersiand find; it. satisfa'caFig. 1 of thedrawingsis a plan view; Fig. 2 is a side vie wj Fig. 3 is adiagram'showing the interconnections between pumps; Fig. 4 is a side 5view of thefiuid sight feed; and Fi 5 is a side view of the deodorizer.i

Thruout the drawings and the specification similar numeralsrefer tosimilar parts Since I utilize both suction and pressure, I may tory.Support for the pumps 22 and 23 is provided by the L-shaped standards 26having their leg 21 welded or otherwise secured to the heads 24 and 25and their leg 28 secured to the base plate I by the bolts 29.

As disclosed in Fig. 1, the piston in the venous or suction pump 22 willbe at the end of its suction stroke, while the piston of the pressure orarterial pump 23 will be at the end of its pressure stroke. Pipe or coper tubing, tubing being shown, may be used for the pump suction andpressure lines adjacent the machine.

A rubber tube 30 connects the fluid tank 3| with the suction line terminal fitting 32 of the pressure pump 23. '=This tank 3| is open for thereception of fluid at all times, and may be provided with a. valve. (notshown) to close automatically and immediately the tank becomes empty toprevent air being pumped into the arterial system of the cadaver. Arubber tube 33 connects with the pressure line terminal fitting 34 ofthe pressure pump 23 and receives at its opposite end the artery tube(not shown). A rubber tube 35 connects the suction line terminal fitting36 with the blood or waste jar 31 adapted to be exhausted to provide avacuum therein. This jar is connected with the vein tube (not shown) byanother length of rubber tubing 38; These lengths of rubber tubing.provide the required flexibility between the machine, which is usuallystationary, and the vein and artery tubes which are. moved aboutby theoperator. They also permit. quick and easy connections to be made to theterminal fittings. The suction-line 39 of the suction pump 22 isconnected to the rear head 24 of said pump and to the terminal fitting36. This line 39. is provided with a vacuum gauge 40: and .a check valve4|.

The pressure 'line 42 oiithe "suction pump 22 is a connected to the rearhead 24 of said pump and to. the deodorizer 43 clearly shown in Fig. 5'.This deodorizer comprises a glass cup 44. having a removable cap 45 heldby the wire loop clamping means 46 tightened and loosened by the nut onthe loop holding bar 48. The line 42 is connected to a worm 49 whosebottom end 50 is open to dischargeinto the glass cup 44. This glass" cup44 is kept partiallyfllled' witha germicidal fluid having or providedwitha pleasant odor. Between the fluid and the cap 45 is positioned-alayer of cotton 'or some similar'article (none being shown in place)which serves to prevent the fluid'from being blown out thru the venthole 5! in the cap 45 but which at the same time permits air from theblood or waste jar to be discharged up thru the fluid and out thru thevent in said cap. It is'quite evident that the air comingfrom thedeodorizer may be piped to'the outside, but I find itnot inconvenient orunpleasant to discharge it directly into the room since it has beensterilized and deodorized. The pressure line 42 is also provided with acheck valve 52.

In the rear 'head'24 of the suction pump 22' is positioned avalve 53which may be finely adjusted, such-as one of the needle type, forletting air into the pump cylinder whereby the degree of vacuum may beregulated to meet-the conditions arising in the particular case.

Outside of this valve 53 is placed acheck valve '54 which is adapted topermitair to enter but'not leave therethru. The pressure line 55 ofthepressure pump '23 x is connected to the rear head 24 of said pump andthe degree ofpressure to meet the various body conditions. In order forany embalmerto do this to the terminal fitting: 34; This line 55 ispro-' vided with a pressure gauge 55 anda check valve 51. 23 is alsoconnected to: the rear head of said pump The suctionline58'of thevpressure pump and to the bottom 59 of the fluid sight feed glass 60 fromwhich-it receives fluid discharged into it thru the goose-neck 6i whichis the terminal of the line 62 branching from the terminal fittingperfect and foolproof system of circulating the flow of life bloodthruout the vascular system, it is my contention that simulating thissame heart action by producing the nearest possible counterpart in theflow of fluid after death is productive of certain results impossible toobtain by any other method. Upon this theory my machine and method arebased endeavoring to take up after death where the heart left off inlife. That this theory and belief have led to the solution of theembalming problem I have repeatedly demonstrated'.

During life, the heart drives the blood from the arteries'thru thecapillaries. into the. veins which return it to the heart. The arteriesbeing already filled with blood under pressure, the additionalquantityof blood forced into themby each ventricular contraction causesa distention of the arterial walls. These, contracting again thru theirown elasticity, force the'blood along, distending in turn the part ofthe artery next beyond. A series of. such distentions thus travels alongthe artery moving from. the heart. In the: normal adult this pulsationrate variesfrom 70 to 75 per minute. In my apparatus I hold my pumps toapproximately 60 strokes per minute-that is 60 impulses or surges ofpressure and 60 surges of suction. My machine is powered to drive thepumps at his speed regardless of'the body conditions encountered, hencethe action of the pumps is smooth under all conditions of body Orarterial system resistance. Since I use a pump with a reciprocablepiston which acts directly upon a colunm of embalming fluid toinject itinto the arterial system of the cadaver-'against-the resistanceencountered therein, 'andsincethe pumpwill only build up sufficientpressure to inject said fluid into the arterial" system at theresistanceencountered,

it follows that the pump will build up the pres sure exactly andautomatically in accordance with the resistance it encounters, and thatno skillarterial system of-a cadaver is the most discussed subject amongthe trade today and it is recognized that the success of the constantpressure machine depends upon the skill and judgment of the operator.On, this point I- quote from an article by Rolph W. Henson in theOctober issue of. the Professional Embalmer-Mn Henson being a. staffmember of the research department of the Undertakers' Supply Company. Itmust be understood that the success ofany embalming instrument dependsupon the operators ability to vary intelligently, he must know thevascular pressure within the body, or the approximate amount ofresistance to the fluid flow. If he does not know ofpressureagainst thecolumn of fluid in the presthisrjit will be impossible forhim tovary"th'e" sureiline' fii at the rateof sixty impulses a minpressure incertain type of cases. The result is; that in one case wemay have anoverembalmed i body whilein 'thother, the b'ody may n'othave received-anevendistribution of fluid. i

The discharge of the reciprocating piston pump in its primaryform isintermittent+comesin a pronouncdlsurge whi'ch in most instances is Manythings have considered a disadvantage. been devised totmergethe surgesincorder to smooth out the now of theidi'schargel'" I' make use 'i ofthe primary: pump-with"its pronounced surges and intervals i of resttherebetween: 1 These surge or" pressure periods correspond .to thesystole peri'od of th'e heart'during which the heart contracts l5grtionsof suction to be maintained on the venous to 7 force th blood forward"in the arteries, while the rest periods between the surges correspondto the'rdiastole'iperioil 'ofethe' Eheart' during which itis""beingvfilld and duringwhich .theiblood in the arteries "is:spread-out and hence forward: and

the blood in ith'e'veins'is being forced *toward'the -In'iit'si primary:on meme-um 'forin 'as I the pistonpum'p, the piston of thepressurespu'rnp 23 moves forward ito'dorce'fiuid ino" the arteries andcapillaries during one-half of its stroke orfifor'th'e duraltionOf 'oneha-lf second; "During'the other half of its: stroke, 7 or for:theduratiori" of another one-hal'frsecond', 'it drawsvinbanotherchargeof rest from its'" ultimate or; intended function, the arteries f'andrcapillaries have 'ani: opportunity to adjustthe'mselves to the :pressureofvfiuid within themland to'permitsaidrtluid'toseepforward:

5:jar 31 is provided'with atight fitting cap 69 thru' In'thesma-chinewhich:15am now describing, :the

fluid-tank; 3| is supportedontthe standard68- so that 'thefiuidma'yrfiow byi' gravity into'the sight feedaglass fifl wheretheirateof fiow may'be'under observation-- at all timesxand, adjusted -ifdesired- 'or" 40 Parry efficient manner without air leakage the endsWith this arnecessary;the*fiowbeingregulated byrthethrottle valve 61.The fluid travels from the sight'feedglasstothe pressure pump Z3which-delivers the amount of "fluid the case ",iS taking per' stroke'of:saicl-p11mp-to\the -artery-tube tin :spaced-"pro:

sterilized and deodorized and thus renderedharmless'and non-oifensive tothe room occunounced surges or: pulsations: :"FIhefiuid-ds dc-- liveredand injected 'atvjust sufiicientz'pressure to OVEICQIlJQ UiB bOdYwresistance w-hethenit: be one pound-:01: ten; again -meetingthe heartsability to step upspressure hence no "SWGHGIQ'QQESUBS "re sulti-setthe-throttle valve GI-to-del-iven about one tablespoon (of fluid-perpulsation; (an-stroke of apump-haVingraflZ" diameter- ,cylinder and-a 1stroke-iwhenfithe .gauge, pressure is around-4#w However, the pump willdeliver that/ amount offiuid at 1# if thebodyr resistance is but-.ltbutwill buildup a pressureinaccordance with 'the bodylresistance or,until the pressure-is reached atwhich the-pressure reliefvalvefi is set,at I which time the relief valvewill open and thefluid will-followtheiline of,- least resistance which --is thrugsaid relief valve and thecheck valvefifi into the by-pass. branch :63 and hence-- back :to thepumpaagain. .By. providing the relief valve there a is. noudangereoiinjecting fluid into the body at excessive ordangerous pressures if anobstruction is. met and-the attention-0f the "operator ise]sewhere. Ithas anotheradvantager I set'my re- I liefyalve at 10,#,whichiswellwithin a'safe mar gin, although I find that 4# is usuallysufiicient to force fiuidthru the average body.;-I' did have one thattook a minimum of 8#. Ihis body was that of awomanwho Weighedover threehundred pounds and .had extremelysmallveins and arteries. While=fiuidis1by-pass ing ,thru the relief- 7 valve the pumpi remains in actiondirecting surges utef 'I'his hammering action forces a littlefluid pastthe check valve 51 in theline 55 and thus 0 tribution offiuidthruout thebody..

'WhiIeLthe. pressure pump 23 isuinjecting the fluid into the arterialsystem in spaced pronounced surges or pulsations, thewsuction pump 22 iscausing spaced pronounced surges or pulsasystem, the suction surgesoccurring between the pressure surges. In order to avoid taking bloodinto 'the'suction .pumpx22LI use an intervening blood or waste jara31,which constitutes avacuum '20u'5jar, in the suction line between saidpump and the body; I use a 'deepzjar of about one gallon capacityiwhichLcanfexhaust to maintain any desired degree of vacuum within thecapacity of T the equipmenttthe' degree beingfixed by the crowds thefluid ahead of said check valve further 25.:needlevalve53. I find avacuum with a gauge readingfofviour pounds proves satisfactory inaspirating the venous system, and a good flow of blood? is "obtained(without collapsing the Veins.

With my machine I have had no trouble in keepflu-idzfi'Duringthis"'cha.rging 'period;'or period of 30. ,:ing the veinsopen untiltheir drainage was complete. =:I am not aware that this feat has everbeforeibeen accomplished-I find it is impossible of accomplishment'oniany of the present constant pressure? machines; This blood or wastewhich project two fittings 10 and II. The inner endxzot these fittingsextend just'beneath the cap to which'they areifittedtightly while theirouter ends are formed to' receive and hold tightly in ofiithe rubbertubes 35 and 38. rangementthe air exhausted from this jar, whichcontains the odorous blood and waste from cavities,:is discharged intothe deodorizer where it is which I attach to the suction tube as in lieuof the vein tube previously noted. The contents of' the cavities arethus discharged into the jar 31. In withdrawing blood from the veins itis imperative that the spaced suction surges bemaintainedcratlieruithanjtoi make them continuous which'itend'sutocollapse the thin walled veins.

since the 's'uction stroke of the pressure pump 23 occurss-during theinterval between the suction strokes" of the suction pump 22, thepressure system toiprovide acontinuous suction on thetrocarl-vThere-larea number of combinations for making this hook-up oneof whichwisillustrated in Fig 3: In-this;-instance, a 3'-way-valve"12 isincorporated int-the suction -line 58 of the-pressure connected--tothedischargeline 42 of the suctionypump ZZ-by the-crossover line F5; The3-way valves and the crossover lines are shown dotted in Fig. 3.

..,This continuous suction works all right on the trocar: either whenaspirating the cavities orinf :Qcpump 23may be hooked up with thesuction pump injecting them. 'However, if necessary, the

vacuum may be increased upon the trocar by positioning the eccentrics Hand l2so that they are in parallel alignment to cause the pistons ofboth pumps to move together when moving in the same direction.

The results obtained by employing my machine and method on the thirtybodies to date whose ages ranged from teen age boys to 86 year old menand 300# women was as follows:

I estimate that I. obtain a 95% drainage of blood.

I estimate that I obtained a 100% distribution of fluid.

I find it possible and practical to save as much as 56% on fluidconcentrate.

I did not get a single over-embalmed body.

Not the slightest evidence of swollen necks or other tissues was noted,nor any evidence of swollen eyes.

There was no evidence fskin.s1ip present, indicating a perfectdistribution of fluid to every body area.

Each case resulted in an unprecedented natural facial colornot a singleputty or chalky white case produced-which is a new result.

In each case all discoloration was cleared, even the backs turned out asclear as any other body area.

Two cases which were discolored before death cleared to a remarkabledegree, in fact one of them cleared entirely while the other had aslight red tinge over the former black area.

One body waskept twelve days without further treatment or without notingany change in condition.

I find that the total time required to com-- 7 pletely aspirate andinject the body is one hour and forty-five 'minutesnever more than twohours. It is to he remarked that this time and the lack of any mess isdue to the use of other instruments in part which are not made a part ofthis specification.

I. believe that I have described my method and apparatus so that anyoneskilled in the art may build the apparatus and apply the method.However, it is readily seen that many changes in form and arrangement ofparts may be made without departing from the basic idea, therefore I donot limit my invention to exactly what has been shown and described butextend it to all that comes fairly within the scope of the appendedclaims.

I claim:

1. In the art of embalming, the method of injecting liquid whichcomprisesv forcing liquid into a body at pressures below a. limitedmaximum pressure in opposition to resistance to flow of the liquid inthe embalming operation, and imposing a continuing succession of forceimpulses simulating normal heart beat upon the injected fluid, wherebysaid resistance may be gradually overcome.

2. In the art of embalming, the method of injecting liquid thatcomprises the following steps:

establishing a column of liquid connected to the arterial system of abody, and imposing upon said column a continuing succession of rythmicimpulses at pressures below a limited maximum pressure said pressuressimulating normal heart pressure, whereby to dislodge impediments to theinjection of said liquid by the constant gentle action of said impulses.

, 3. In the art of embalming, the method of injecting liquid whichcomprises forcing liquid into a bodyat pressures below a limited maximumpressure in; opposition to resistance to flow of the liquid'in theembalming operation, varying said pressures in accordance with saidresistance, and

controlling the force on the liquid to impose a continuing succession ofimpulses simulating a normal heart beat upon the injected fluid, wherebysaid resistance may be gradually overcome.

4. In the art of embalming, the method of injecting embalming fluid intothe body of a cadaver which comprises: establishing a column of fluid inconnection with the arterial system of the cadaver, maintaining a,source of supply to the column, and imposing thereon a continuingsuccession of force impulses in accordance with the resistanceencountered as and when it occurs to add fluid from the supply to thecolumn to cause fluid therefrom to expand the entered artery during a.force impulse, said impulses being spaced to allow expanded arteries tocontract, because of their elastic properties, between impulses to causefluid therein to be moved forward thru the vascular system of thecadaver as the arteries move the blood in life,

5. In the art of embalming, the method of injecting embahning fluid intothe body of a cadaver which comprises: establishing a column of fluid inconnection with the arteria1system of the cadaver, maintaining a sourceof supply to the column, imposing thereon a continuing succession offorce impulses in accordance with the resistance encountered as and whenit occurs up to a'pre-determined maximum to add fluid from the supply tothe column to cause fluid fluid therein to be moved forward thru thevascular system of the cadaver as the arteries move the blood in life,returning fluid, not added to the column at the pre-determined maximumpressure, back to the supply, and directing said force impulses ofmaximum pressure against said column until fluid is again added thereto.

6. In the art of embalming, the method of aspirating the vascular systemof a cadaver which comprises: withdrawing fluid from said vascularsystem by exerting at a source of entry into the venous side of saidsystem a continuing succession of surges of suction, said surges beingspaced to allow veins in a state of collapse due to said suction torecover between the surges because of their elastic properties.

7. In the art of embalming, the method I of fluid withdrawn from the airexhausted during the withdrawal, and discharging said air thru adeodorizer to the atmosphere.

8. A method of preparing a cadaver for burial which comprises: creatinga negative pressure upon the venous side of the cadavers vascular systemto withdraw fluid therefrom by a continuing succession of surges ofsuction, and simultaneously creating a positive. pressure'upon thearterial side of said'system by injectingembalming fluid at a source ofentry into the arterial side by imposing on said embalming fluid acontinuing succession of force impulses, both surges of suction andforce impulses being spaced to allow the veins, contracted by thesuction surge, to expand, and the arteries, expanded by the injectedembalming fluid, to contract whereby said arteries act to force theembalming fluid forward and thru the vascular system as they do theblood in life, such contraction and expansion of the veins and arteriesbeing due to their elastic properties.

9. A method of preparing a cadaver for burial which comprises: creatinga negative pressure upon the venous side of a cadavers vascular systemto withdraw fluid therefrom by a continuing succession of surges ofsuction, providing a source of embalming fluid supply, creatingsimultaneously a positive pressure upon the arterial side of said systemby injecting embalming fluid at a source of entry into the arterial sideby im- 20 posing on said embalming fluid a continuing succession offorce impulses in accordance with the resistance encountered as and whenit occurs up to a. pre-determined maximum, both surges of suction andforce impulses being spaced to allow the veins, contracted by thesuction surge, to expand, and the arteries, expanded by the injectedembalming fluid, to contract whereby said arteries act to force theembalming fluid'forward and thru the vascular system as they do theblood in life, such contraction and expansion of the veins and arteriesbeing due to their elastic properties, returning embalming fluid, notinjected at the predetermined maximum pressure, back to the source ofsupply, and directing said force impulses of maximum pressure againstsaid injected fluid until more is added thereto from the supply. CLAY P,MOODY.

